- Karachay folk music
- Special tunes
- The classes of Karachay folk music
- Class 1: Rotating and plagal motion (№ 1−8)
- Class 2: One or two short lines and their variations with x(1)1 cadences (№ 9-37)
- Class 3: Four short lines with (1) main cadence (№ 38-53)
- Class 4: Four short lines with the first line ending on the key note, with a (pseudo) domed structure and 1(x)y cadences (№ 54−62)
- Class 5: Four short lines with (VII) main cadence (№ 63−70)
- Class 6: Four short lines with (2) and (b3) main cadences (№ 71−105)
- Class 7: Four short lines with (4/5) main cadences (№ 106−115)
- Class 8: Four short lines with (4/5) main cadence and a higher beginning (№ 116−138)
- Class 9: Four short lines with (7/8) main cadences (№ 139−145)
- Class 10: One- or two-lined tripodic tunes (№ 146–186)
- Class 11: Tunes with four tripodic lines (№ 187–199)
- Class 12: Jir tunes (№ 200–278)
- Class 13: Four long lines with arched (domed) structure (№ 279–287)
- Connections between Hungarian and Karachay folk music
Scales
The great majority of tunes move on scales of minor character (225), on Aeolian (196), Phrygian (20) and Dorian (9). This distribution more or less tallies with the Hungarian picture.
The number of tunes using major-character scales is also considerable (123), with 117 using the Mixolydian, and only 6 tunes of the Ionian scale. The scale with an augmented second (B flat-C sharp) is also special (2), only appearing in Karachay tunes in Turkey, obviously upon Turkish influence.
There are two archaic tune types of scattered occurrence whose scale and melodic outline must both be considered for the determination of their modality. One is the motific rotating A-E,-B or E-D-C; the other is the sinking-rising C-B-A-B-C and (F-E)-D-C-B-C-D.
Minor-character scales (224 tunes)
Aeolian (196 tunes): Ex.2.1a, Ex.2.4a, Ex.2.5, Ex.3.1, Ex.3.3a, Ex.4.1, Ex.4.2, Ex.4.3, Ex.4.4, Ex.5.1, Ex.5.2, Ex.6.1, Ex.6.2, Ex.6.3, Ex.6.4, Ex.6.5, Ex.6.6, Ex.6.7, Ex.7.1, Ex.7.2, Ex.7.3, Ex.7.4, Ex.8.1a, Ex.8.2a, Ex.8.3a, Ex.10.1, Ex.10.4, Ex.10.5a, Ex.11.1, Ex.11.3, Ex.11.5, Ex.12.1, Ex.12.2, Ex.12.3a, Ex.12.4a, Ex.12.5a, Ex.12.6a, Ex.12.7a, Ex.12.9a, Ex.13, № 9–10, № 20–24, № 30–33, № 35–36, № 37–45, № 46–47, № 54–59, № 63–68, № 71–102, № 106–114, № 116–121, № 124–127, № 139–142, № 146, № 148–156, № 162, № 187–193, № 195–196, № 200–202, № 204–206, № 208–209, № 215–216, № 220–221, № 225–227, № 229, № 235, № 237–239, № 241–242, № 246–253, № 257, № 262–263, № 265, № 277–287.
Phrygian (19 tunes): Ex.2.3a, Ex.8.6, Ex.9.1, № 122–123, № 143–144, № 159, № 161, № 194, № 228, № 236, № 240, № 256, № 258–260, № 264, № 266.
Dorian (9 tunes): Ex.11.2, Ex.12.8a, № 6, № 7, № 69–70, № 231, № 243, № 261.
Scales of major character (121 tunes)
Mixolydian (115 tunes): Ex.2.1b, Ex.2.2, Ex.2.3b, Ex.2.4b, Ex.3.3b, Ex.7.5, Ex.8.1b, Ex.8.2b, Ex.8.3b, Ex.8.4, Ex.8.5, Ex.9.2, Ex.10.3, Ex.10.5b, Ex.12.3b, Ex.12.4b, Ex.12.5b, Ex.12.6b, Ex.12.7b, Ex.12.8b, Ex.12.9b, № 11–12, № 14–19, № 25–29, № 34, № 48–53, № 60–62, № 103–105, № 115, № 128–138, № 145, № 147, № 158, № 163–170, № 173–174, № 176–185, № 197–199, № 203, № 207, № 210–214, № 217–219, № 222–224, № 230, № 232–234, № 244–245, № 254–255, № 267–276.
Ionian (6 tunes): Ex.10.2, № 13, № 171, № 172, № 175, № 186.
Special
Scale with augmented second (2 tunes): Ex.3.2, № 157.
Motivic rotation (2 tunes): A-E,-A (№ 8) and E-D-C (№ 1).
Sinking-rising (5 tunes): C-B-A-B-C (№ 4, № 5) and (F-E)-D-C-B-C-D (Ex.1, № 2–3).